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Police · United States · Updated 2026-10-26

How many people do US police kill each year?

In 2024, Mapping Police Violence counted 1,386 people killed by police in the US, the Washington Post counted 1,175 fatal shootings by on-duty officers and death certificates recorded 819 deaths by legal intervention; Mapping Police Violence counted 1,317 in 2025, 5.0% fewer than in 2024.

Every figure in this summary is calculated from the sources listed on this page.

People killed by police in the US, 2024

People who died from force used by law enforcement officers, by any means (shooting, taser, restraint, vehicle and other force), counted once per person. United States, 50 states and the District of Columbia, Calendar year 2024. Unit: people.

1,175people, 2024

56Trust scoreLow certainty

Score breakdown

Quality29.3 / 40

How well the sources are made

Agreement1 / 30

How close the sources are to each other

Independence16 / 20

How many separate ways the number was measured

Freshness10 / 10

How recent the newest data is

How much each source counts

  • MPV33%
  • Wash. Post22%
  • CDC NVSS44%

Sources

SourceValueDefinitionQualityWeight
Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings databaseCampaign Zero · Independent countRetrieved 2026-10-261,3862024
Every case in Campaign Zero's Mapping Police Violence database with an incident date in the year: any death caused by force from an on-duty or off-duty law enforcement officer, by any means (shooting, taser, restraint, vehicle strikes whether intentional or not).

Found mainly through news reports, plus public records, Fatal Encounters and Washington Post data. Counted by date of incident.

CSV downloaded on 26 October 2026 from the public Airtable view linked from https://mappingpoliceviolence.org/methodology ("View the data", then "Download CSV"); 16,338 cases, counted by the year of the date field. Campaign Zero's report of 26 February 2026 gave 1,314 for 2025; cases added since bring it to 1,317. The project changed its coding framework in July 2026 (cause_of_death became use_of_force).

3 of 5 checks
  • Yes: Method and definitions published. Definitions and collection steps are published on the project's Data and Methodology page.
  • No: Official statistics or peer-reviewed. Compiled by Campaign Zero, a nonprofit; not official statistics and not itself peer-reviewed.
  • Yes: Full count or representative sample. Tries to list every police killing found in news reports, public records and other databases; not a sample.
  • Yes: Raw data downloadable. Every case is downloadable as CSV from the project's public Airtable view.
  • No: No known break or quality problem. Vehicle deaths rise from 9 in 2015 to 127 in 2024 (the rule now includes accidental strikes), so years may not be fully comparable; cases are still being added.
33%
The Washington Post, Fatal Force database (v2)The Washington Post · Independent countRetrieved 2026-10-261,1752024
People shot and killed by an on-duty police officer in 2024, by date of the shooting.

Deaths in custody, shootings by off-duty officers and deaths not caused by gunfire are not counted, so this covers only part of the defined number.

v2 file at commit cb0fb99; its data last changed on 17 June 2025. The README says the Post tracks only killings from 2015 to 2024. The 2023 figure was 1,161 in the file of 27 June 2024 and is 1,164 now.

4 of 5 checks
  • Yes: Method and definitions published. The README on GitHub defines what is counted and how cases are found.
  • No: Official statistics or peer-reviewed. Compiled by a newspaper; not official statistics and not peer-reviewed.
  • Yes: Full count or representative sample. Tries to list every fatal shooting by on-duty police from news, police and other databases; not a sample.
  • Yes: Raw data downloadable. Every case is downloadable as CSV from the Post's GitHub repository.
  • Yes: No known break or quality problem. Same definition across 2015-2024; tracking stopped after 2024, but late additions are small: the 2023 count grew by 3 after June 2024.
22%
CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System, deaths by legal interventionNational Center for Health Statistics (CDC) · Death and health registersRetrieved 2026-10-268192024
Deaths of US residents in 2024 whose underlying cause on the death certificate is legal intervention: ICD-10 Y35 except Y35.5 (legal execution), plus Y89.0 (late effects), the codes the Lancet study used.

Counted by year of death, final data.

Counted from the NCHS multiple-cause-of-death public-use files mort2015us.zip to mort2024us.zip (https://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/Datasets/DVS/mortality/), underlying cause in positions 146-149. The counts match NCHS's Control Total Table 1 for 2023 and 2024 for every code it shows. In 2024: Y35.0 (firearm) 636, Y35.6 (other specified means) 178, other codes 5. Left out: 25 legal executions (Y35.5) and 7 deaths of foreign residents, as in NCHS tables.

4 of 5 checks
  • Yes: Method and definitions published. NCHS publishes the record layout and the ICD-10 rules used to code death certificates.
  • Yes: Official statistics or peer-reviewed. Official statistics from the National Center for Health Statistics (CDC).
  • Yes: Full count or representative sample. Covers every death certificate filed in the 50 states and DC.
  • Yes: Raw data downloadable. Record-level public-use mortality files are downloadable from CDC.
  • No: No known break or quality problem. Known undercount: the code is used only if the certificate says police caused the death; a Lancet study found 55.5% of police-violence deaths missing in 1980-2018.
44%
People killed by police in the US, 2024, by source · people
  • Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database
  • The Washington Post, Fatal Force database (v2)
  • CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System, deaths by legal intervention
05001,0001,50020152017201920212024MPVMapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2015: 1,101Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2016: 1,065Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2017: 1,105Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2018: 1,154Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2019: 1,117Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2020: 1,162Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2021: 1,191Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2022: 1,269Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2023: 1,359Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2024: 1,386Wash. PostThe Washington Post, Fatal Force database (v2), 2015: 995The Washington Post, Fatal Force database (v2), 2016: 959The Washington Post, Fatal Force database (v2), 2017: 984The Washington Post, Fatal Force database (v2), 2018: 992The Washington Post, Fatal Force database (v2), 2019: 993The Washington Post, Fatal Force database (v2), 2020: 1,021The Washington Post, Fatal Force database (v2), 2021: 1,050The Washington Post, Fatal Force database (v2), 2022: 1,097The Washington Post, Fatal Force database (v2), 2023: 1,164The Washington Post, Fatal Force database (v2), 2024: 1,175CDC NVSSCDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System, deaths by legal intervention, 2015: 504CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System, deaths by legal intervention, 2016: 530CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System, deaths by legal intervention, 2017: 592CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System, deaths by legal intervention, 2018: 596CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System, deaths by legal intervention, 2019: 634CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System, deaths by legal intervention, 2020: 763CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System, deaths by legal intervention, 2021: 658CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System, deaths by legal intervention, 2022: 792CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System, deaths by legal intervention, 2023: 740CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System, deaths by legal intervention, 2024: 819
Show the data as a table
YearMapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings databaseThe Washington Post, Fatal Force database (v2)CDC/NCHS National Vital Statistics System, deaths by legal intervention
20151,101995504
20161,065959530
20171,105984592
20181,154992596
20191,117993634
20201,1621,021763
20211,1911,050658
20221,2691,097792
20231,3591,164740
20241,3861,175819

People killed by police in the US, 2025

People who died from force used by law enforcement officers, by any means (shooting, taser, restraint, vehicle and other force), counted once per person. United States, 50 states and the District of Columbia, Calendar year 2025. Unit: people.

1,317people, 2025

55Trust scoreLow certainty

Only one source – not confirmed by others. Agreement can't be measured, so the score can't reach High.

Score breakdown

Quality24 / 40

How well the sources are made

Agreement15 / 30

Unknown with one source, so set to half

Independence6 / 20

How many separate ways the number was measured

Freshness10 / 10

How recent the newest data is

How much each source counts

  • MPV100%

Sources

SourceValueDefinitionQualityWeight
Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings databaseCampaign Zero · Independent countRetrieved 2026-10-261,3172025
Every case in Campaign Zero's Mapping Police Violence database with an incident date in the year: any death caused by force from an on-duty or off-duty law enforcement officer, by any means (shooting, taser, restraint, vehicle strikes whether intentional or not).

Found mainly through news reports, plus public records, Fatal Encounters and Washington Post data. Counted by date of incident.

CSV downloaded on 26 October 2026 from the public Airtable view linked from https://mappingpoliceviolence.org/methodology ("View the data", then "Download CSV"); 16,338 cases, counted by the year of the date field. Campaign Zero's report of 26 February 2026 gave 1,314 for 2025; cases added since bring it to 1,317. The project changed its coding framework in July 2026 (cause_of_death became use_of_force).

3 of 5 checks
  • Yes: Method and definitions published. Definitions and collection steps are published on the project's Data and Methodology page.
  • No: Official statistics or peer-reviewed. Compiled by Campaign Zero, a nonprofit; not official statistics and not itself peer-reviewed.
  • Yes: Full count or representative sample. Tries to list every police killing found in news reports, public records and other databases; not a sample.
  • Yes: Raw data downloadable. Every case is downloadable as CSV from the project's public Airtable view.
  • No: No known break or quality problem. Vehicle deaths rise from 9 in 2015 to 127 in 2024 (the rule now includes accidental strikes), so years may not be fully comparable; cases are still being added.
100%
People killed by police in the US, 2025, by source · people
05001,0001,500201520172019202120232025Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2015: 1,101Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2016: 1,065Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2017: 1,105Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2018: 1,154Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2019: 1,117Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2020: 1,162Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2021: 1,191Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2022: 1,269Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2023: 1,359Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2024: 1,386Mapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database, 2025: 1,317
Show the data as a table
YearMapping Police Violence (Campaign Zero), police killings database
20151,101
20161,065
20171,105
20181,154
20191,117
20201,162
20211,191
20221,269
20231,359
20241,386
20251,317

Why the numbers differ

  • Shootings only versus all causes: the Washington Post counts only fatal shootings by on-duty officers. Of the 1,386 people in Mapping Police Violence's 2024 records, 173 were not shot, including 120 killed by a police vehicle and 23 where a taser was used, and 23 were shot by off-duty officers. Calculated from the Mapping Police Violence download. (source, retrieved 2026-10-26)
  • Voluntary reporting: police agencies choose whether to send use-of-force data to the FBI. For 2024, 12,289 of 19,277 agencies took part, employing 80% of officers, and the FBI published only shares, such as 29% of reported incidents involving a death, not counts. (source, retrieved 2026-10-26)
  • Death certificates not recording police involvement: a death is coded as legal intervention only if the certificate says police caused it. A Lancet study (GBD 2019 Police Violence US Subnational Collaborators, 2021) estimated that the NVSS missed 17,100 of 30,800 deaths from police violence in 1980-2018, 55.5%, more than half. (source, retrieved 2026-10-26)
  • In every year from 2015 to 2024, the NVSS recorded between 45.8% (2015) and 65.7% (2020) as many deaths as Mapping Police Violence. Calculated from the NCHS files and the Mapping Police Violence download, both in the sources table. (source, retrieved 2026-10-26)

Common mistakes

  • Quoting the Washington Post's count as all killings by police: it covers only fatal shootings by on-duty officers.
  • Reading the CDC's legal-intervention deaths as a full count: many death certificates do not record that police caused the death.
  • Treating a year-end figure from an independent database as final: cases keep being added for months afterwards.